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The MVRV ratio compares Bitcoin's market cap with its realized cap. How it is computed, where it has been since 2011, and what the number cannot do.

NUPL (Net Unrealized Profit/Loss) shows what share of Bitcoin's market value is paper gain. Formula, history since 2011, the phase labels and their limits.

What each line of a token security scan means: mint function, proxy, buy and sell tax, holder concentration, LP lock. Check any contract free on CoinVett.

How crypto staking works in practice: where rewards come from, unbonding periods, slashing, exchange vs. native vs. liquid staking, and the risks.

What a Layer 2 is, how optimistic and ZK rollups inherit Ethereum's security, what blobs changed, where trust is still needed, and how Lightning differs.

Why price per coin says nothing about size, how market cap and FDV differ, what low float means for dilution, and which tokenomics questions to ask first.

What Bitcoin SOPR measures, how the ratio is calculated, what readings above and below 1 mean, and why a spent output is not proof of a sale.

What a Bitcoin UTXO is, how inputs spend earlier outputs, why a change output appears and how the fee follows from inputs minus outputs.

What a crypto category label tells you, why one coin can sit in several sectors at once, and why a category ranking says nothing about safety.